Mara Lee

Former chief trade counsels from both political parties said the administration is mostly ignoring Congress as it reworks trade deals, and partisanship will largely prevent Congress from acting to reclaim some of its power. Viji Rangaswami, a former chief international trade counsel for Democrats on the House Ways and Means Committee, said she hoped such a standoff could be avoided through consultation before an agreement is reached, but she said the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative could also choose to avoid a vote altogether. While some changes -- such as eliminating the antidumping and countervailing duties chapter -- would require amending NAFTA's implementation bill, other major changes -- such as eliminating the investor-state dispute settlement system, or changing auto rules of origin -- would not.

Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer, D-N.Y., visited a dairy cooperative in upstate New York to emphasize his desire that Canadians change their dairy supply management system as part of a NAFTA deal. Schumer, who traveled to Cayuga Milk Ingredients on April 16, said the cooperative lost $30 million in skim milk powder sales the day after Canada's Class 7 system was implemented. He also released a copy of a letter to the U.S. trade representative as part of the publicity around the event. In the letter, he said, "As I have expressed to you many times, I strongly believe that we should not miss this opportunity to protect our dairy producers from Canada’s recent predatory trade practices. ... This Class 7 system is likely a violation of Canada’s World Trade Organization (WTO) commitments, but addressing it quickly through NAFTA renegotiation is needed, rather than waiting for years for a WTO determination."

A bill updating export control procedures passed unanimously out of the House Foreign Affairs Committee after a hearing April 17. The last export control legislation expired in 2001, and the current export control regime has since operated under emergency powers.The bill instructs the administration to maintain a control list, to update it as emerging technologies evolve, and to adjust the level of control of items as conditions change. It also says the maximum fine in a civil case can be twice the value of the exports that were sold to a party that was ineligible to import those items, but if the value was less than $150,000, the maximum fine can be $300,000. In criminal cases, the maximum fine could be $1 million.

A bipartisan group of 59 House members asked the U.S. trade representative to make raising de minimis levels in NAFTA a chief negotiating priority. In a letter sent April 10, led by Rep. David Schweikert, R-Ariz., and Rep. Ron Kind, D-Wis., they said that "simplifying, modernizing and expediting customs procedures will help facilitate the movements of low-value shipments across borders." The letter notes that the U.S. de minimis threshold is $800, while Mexico's is $50 and Canada's is $16. It's critical that the administration follow through in its efforts to convince Mexico and Canada to raise their thresholds to a comparable amount to the U.S. standard, the lawmakers said.

CBP Commissioner Kevin McAleenan, testifying in front of the Appropriations subcommittee for Homeland Security, said there's ongoing demand for additional and enhanced ACE capabilities. CBP could use an additional $5.5 million next fiscal year to develop and implement post-core functionality, he said. McAleenan, who testified April 12, said a high volume of low-value shipments, particularly through e-commerce "presents enforcement and trade facilitation challenges." McAleenan spent more time talking about immigration enforcement duties of the agency, but also said they are requesting $44.2 million for non-intrusive inspection technology, which is used both for radiation monitoring and to x-ray express packages and mail. He noted that in the last fiscal year, CBP made 118 seizures of fentanyl sent by express consignment carriers and 227 seizures in international mail -- together, the seizures interdicted almost 350 pounds of the powerful synthetic opioid. CBP also is requesting $14.8 million to modernize land ports of entry, as well as funding for 26 positions to implement the Trade Facilitation and Trade Enforcement Act of 2015, which he called "one of the most impactful pieces of trade legislation for CBP in more than a generation."

The Bureau of Industry and Security denied for seven years the export privileges of Zhongxing Telecommunications Equipment Corporation, of Shenzhen, China and ZTE Kangxun Telecommunications Ltd. of Hi-New Shenzen, China (ZTE). The companies had previously agreed to a combined civil and criminal penalty and forfeiture of $1.19 billion and a seven-year suspended denial, because of its sales of telecom equipment to Iran and North Korea, and misleading the U.S. government about those sales. The denial, announced April 16, is because ZTE paid bonuses to employees involved in the sales and did not reprimand them, as they had claimed they were doing. The order says that "BIS is left to conclude that if the $892 million monetary penalty paid pursuant to the March 23, 2017 order, criminal plea agreement, and settlement agreement with the Department of the Treasury did not induce ZTE to ensure it was engaging with the U.S. government truthfully, an additional monetary penalty of up to roughly a third that amount ($300 million) is unlikely to lead to the company's reform."

India's eligibility for the Generalized System of Preferences is being evaluated after petitions from American dairy interests and medical device manufacturers who complained about Indian trade policies on those products. The Office of the U.S. Trade Representative, which announced the review of three countries on April 12, had mentioned India's pricing controls on knee replacements and stents as a trade irritant in its annual trade report (see 1803300022). The two interest groups have been asking for India's removal from GSP since October 2017 (see 1710190022). India is the top beneficiary of GSP, accounting for $5.6 billion of the program's $21.1 billion in imports last year, according to USTR.

The World Trade Organization's nearly unanimous rejection of antidumping duties and safeguard duties has hurt the ability of countries to use AD/CV duties and safeguard tariffs, according to Jennifer Hillman, a former member of the WTO appellate body and now Georgetown University law professor. "Well over 50 percent of all WTO disputes have been in trade remedies," Hillman said during a Washington International Trade Association panel on April 13 about the WTO.

Eight months after it was first announced (see 1708170046), Argentina and the U.S. have hammered out the details of how U.S. pork exports to Argentina will resume, 26 years after that country banned the product. Agriculture Secretary Sonny Perdue and U.S. Trade Representative Robert Lighthizer announced the agreement on April 13. "This breakthrough is the result of efforts by this Administration to help America’s farmers and ranchers reach new markets and ensure fair trade practices by our international partners," Perdue said in a statement. "Once the people of Argentina get a taste of American pork products after all this time, we’re sure they’ll want more of it." The U.S. estimates volumes could be $10 million a year -- which is one-tenth the size of the Chinese market, where new 15 percent tariffs have been applied to U.S. pork (see 1804020009). The National Pork Producers Council welcomed the news with a statement from President Jim Heimerl.

Sen. Chuck Grassley, R-Iowa, represents a state that exports lots of soybeans to China but remains critical of the U.S.'s largest trading partner in goods. He said he recently visited five cities in China with Agriculture Secretary Sonny Perdue and other senators. What he saw there convinced him that Chinese officials "will do anything legal or illegal, moral or immoral, ethical or unethical ... to get ahead and stay ahead." He added, "They are very strategic and we're very short-sighted." Grassley, speaking at a Senate Finance trade subcommittee hearing April 11 on access to China's market, said he's one of the only Congress members still in office who voted to allow China full membership in the World Trade Organization. "It hasn't turned out the way I anticipated," he said. "I kind of feel like I should feel sorry for my vote."